An Introduction to Spoken Kashmiri

 The Sounds of Kashmiri

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GLOSSARY




Consonants

Nasals

At  the phonetic level, there are four nasals in Kashmiri: m, n, n', and . In the phonological descriptions of the language, these have been reduced to only two, /m/ and /n/. The  occurs only before homorganic stops in medial and final positions, e.g.,  'thigh' and  'clove'. In phonological descriptions, the  is treated as an allophone of the /n/ which occurs before velar stops.  The palatal nasal is treated as a combination of n + palatalization. This seems desirable since almost all consonants have a palatalized counterpart. We shall, however, discuss m, n, and  below.

The m is a bilabial nasal, produced as the m is in the English man or in the Hindi-Urdu ma:ma: 'mother's brother'. The n is an alveolar nasal. It is produced as the English n is in now; in the Kashmiri n, however, the tongue is pressed against the upper teeth. It is also similar to the Hindi-Urdu n, as in  'short-sized'. The velar  is produced by the back of the tongue touching the soft palate. It is similar to the English ng in sing or ring, or the Hindi-Urdu  'color' or  'in company with'.
 
 


 

Contrast between palatal and non-palatal consonant sounds






The Sounds of Kashmiri
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