The Sounds of Kashmiri

There are eight vowels in Kashmiri, i.e.

two high vowels, front and back:  and 

two mid vowels, front and back:  and 

one lower-mid back vowel: 

three central vowels, high, mid, and low: ,  and .

• High-Front, Unrounded Vowels
• High-Back, Rounded Vowels
• Mid-Front, Unrounded Vowels
• Mid-Back, Rounded Vowels
• Lower-Mid, Back Vowels
• High-Central Vowels
• Mid-Central Vowels
• Low-Central Vowels
• Nasalized Vowels

The important characteristic of Kashmiri vowels is that they may be nasalized or non-nasalized. 
• Nasalized Long Vowels
• Nasalized Short Vowels

There are twenty-seven consonants in Kashmiri. They may be grouped into the following categories: 12 stops, 5 affricates, 2 nasals, 4 fricatives, 1 lateral, 1 trill, and 2 glides. 

• Stops
• Affricates
• Nasals
• Fricatives
• Lateral
• Trill
• Glides